Global positioning system gps a satellitebased navigation system operated and maintained by the us department of defense. Abstract this project is about designing the controls of an over current relay using a microcontroller. Prot 407 provides an indepth study of the methods used in designing protection for highvoltage power transmission lines. A good understanding of basic line protection will go a long way. Electrical power transmission line protection systems. Improve transmission fault location and distance protection.
This relays are also use to identify the type of the fault in transmission lines too. Protection of transmission system using global positioning system. As the impedance per mile of a transmission line is fairly constant, these relays respond to the distance to a fault on the. International journal of distributed and parallel systems ijdps vol. There are several methods available for the protection of transmission and distribution lines 69. History of gps global positioning system feasibility studies begun in 1960s defense navigation satellite system dnss formed in 1969 pentagon appropriates funding in 1973 first 4 satellites launched in 1978 24th satellite launched. For protection of transmission line with ann, it doesnt require any communication link to retrieve remote end. The backup mode function is also required to cover problems that may occur with integral components of the protection system such as the. In this scheme the relay contains a fault transient detection system together with a communication unit, which is connected to the power line through the high voltage coupling capacitors of the cvt. The proposed idea has the feature of unit protection. The distance protection is high speed protection and is simple to apply.
Future scope the project is designed to send in an alert message as soon as there is a fault. Determine distance to fault from a transmission line end. Single infeed transmission line double infeed transmission lines parallel transmission line series compensated transmission line. Route alignment using low resolution satellite imagery for 510km length. Stack distances are meaningful for setassociative lru caches, but have little meaning for other cache designs.
Iec 61850 line current differential relays operating. Siddhartha rao over current protection of transmission line using gsm and arduino, international journal of engineering trends and technology ijett, v501,5357 august 2017. It provides faster protection as compared to overcurrent relay. Introduction transmission lines are a vital part of the electrical distribution system, as they provide the path to transfer power between generation and load. Security requirements of mobile networks security has become an essential topic in current mobile and wireless networks. Correction and integrity information is broadcast to the user using terrestrial communication links examples. The use of global positioning system gps technology continues to grow and accuracy augmentations will generate ever more innovative applications. In fact, the reliability of a lines to transport mv power along the transmission route. The line protection scheme is special due to a tap derivation line in the middle of. In future we can have a gps attached to it that would exactly send the location in terms of longitude and. Komi agbesi1, felix attuquaye okai2 1,2department of computer science, accra polytechnic, ghana abstract many electricity transmission companies across the world and ghana in particular are continuously looking for. Transmission line setting calculations beyond the cookbook michael j. Abstractsetting transmission line relays is fairly easy to learnbut takes years to master. Data transmission protocol specification for magellan products.
There are several relay system are use to protect transmission lines. In particular, it is unclear how to model highperformance policies through stack distances. Various techniques used for protection of transmission. Ionospheric delay corrections for singlefrequency gps receivers over europe using tomographic mapping damien j. International journal of innovations in engineering and technology ijiet. Ionospheric delay corrections for singlefrequency gps.
Best practices for protection and control applications for. The levels of the primary system voltages and currents are reduced using. Requirements of line protection protection of series compensated lines auto reclosing, power swing etc line protection settings. Gandhi institute of industrial technology presented by sumit kumar padhy, regdno1006027 logo btech seminar presentation operation of the fault location systemfls using gps a fault locator remote is coupled to each end of line via cpt. Recent techniques used in transmission line protection. With the proper education, tools, and references such as company standards available, a. Engineers and power system consultants who need a comprehensive understanding of the design concepts and methods used in protecting highvoltage power transmission should attend this class. Line distance protection fundamentals elmo price november 5, 20 abb protective relay school webinar series.
According to the above descriptions, the proposed fault detection and faultedphase selection algorithms are described below. Today, gps receivers can be found in watches, phones, tablets, computers, cars and a wide variety of other devices. Apr 25, 2012 protection of transmission linesdistance relay protection scheme 1. This is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using the global positioning system gps and fault generated transients. Detailed survey using gps, total work station, digital theodolites, profiling etc. The proposed protection is different from existing ones in two aspects. Capability description beyondlineof sight blos%sat%communication%capability% gpsretransmission provides%embarked%army%and%special% forcescurrent%sps. Published in the proceedings of gridtech 2015 new delhi, india. Abstract this is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using global. Real time gps data transmission using vsat technology. Simpowersystem toolbox was used for detailed modeling of distance relay, transmission line and fault simulation. International journal of distributed and parallel systems.
Pdf fault detection, classification and location for. Horizontal protection level hpl alarm the pilot if hpl horizontal alert limit hal. The main purpose of the analysis of numeric distance protection performance is to validate the relay that will be used in the transmission lines protection project, also proving the effectiveness of the schemes and protection settings. L1 carries the navigation data and the sps standard positioning code code while l2 primarily carries the p code for transmission. M vijay kumar dept of eee, sree vidyanikethan engineering college tirupathi, india. Line distance measurement methods and characteristics apparent impedance of fault loops and differences in phase and ground measurements the importance of faulted phase selection step distance line protection zone acceleration schemes nonpilot basics of communications assisted schemes optional time permitting. Three zone protection by using distance relays in simulink. The 7sa612 numeric protective relays settings and the protection schemes were defined together with.
Transmission line setting calculations beyond the cookbook. Signal which needs to be preprocessed has to be passed. In the scheme, the proposed locator, which contains a specially designed fault transient detection device, a gps receiver, is connected to the power line through a coupling capacitor. Pdf low cost grid electrification technologies a handbook for. Typical applications within the user segment are land navigation for hikers, vehicle location, surveying, marine navigation, aerial navigation, machine. The lowermost single phase of line section is considered to perform experiments. Intelligent medium access control protocols for wireless sensor. Data is processed by using gps software gps logger 3. Digital protection of transmission lines using block pulse. The carrier frequency that will allow us to transport high frequencies has to obey some laws of nature in order for the signal to be transmitted and received. M vijay kumar dept of eee, sree vidyanikethan engineering college tirupathi, india professor in dept of eee, jntua anantapur, ap india email. Gps synchronized digital current differential protection.
Jackson 1, chuck meertens 1, oivind ruud 1, spencer reeder 1, warren gallaher 1, and chris rocken 2 1university navstar consortium unavco. Gps consists of a constellation of 24 satellites providing worldwide, 24hour, three dimensional 3d coverage. Undependable protection scheme when ark line is out of service, ark line protection must protect stub bus without voltages settings must accommodate contingency 662 562 ark 562 662. Distance protection scheme for protection of long transmission line considering the effect of fault resistance by using the ann approach international journal of electrical and electronics engineering ijeee issn print. Then, preprocessing of obtained signal can be done to bring it into ann level. Various techniques used for protection of transmission line. As the length of electrical power transmission line is generally long enough and it runs through open atmosphere, the probability of occurring fault in electrical power transmission line is much higher than that of electrical power transformers and alternators. Improve transmission fault location and distance protection using accurate line parameters hugo e. Positioning systemsgps and fault generated transients. Theory and practice crc press book from the basic fundamentals and principles of protective relaying to current research areas in protective systems and future developments in the field, this work covers all aspects of power system protection. Pdf this is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using the global positioning system gps and fault generated transients. Line differential schemes using gps for data synchronization are a very secure and dependable solution for such applications in case when a communications channel is available. Real time gps data transmission using vsat technology michael e. Digital protection of transmission lines using block pulse functions s r kolla department of electrical engineering, university of toledo, toledo, oh 43606.
Jackson 1, chuck meertens 1, oivind ruud 1, spencer reeder 1, warren gallaher 1, and chris rocken 2 1university navstar consortium unavco, university corporation for atmospheric research ucar office of programs. Distance protection relay is widely spread employed for the protection of highvoltage ac transmission line and distribution lines. Gps global positioning system and its application in protection. Heidfeld, schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Over current protection of transmission line using gsm and arduino kunal jagdale1, a.
Nonpilot distance protection of transmission lines 5. Automatic fault detection and location in power transmission lines using gsm technology ing. The issue of gps use under or near electric power lines has been raised since some gps documents have vague warnings about such use. Many important issues, such as coordination of settings, operating times, characteristics of relays, mutual coupling of lines, automatic reclosing, and use of communication channels, are examined. In the modeling, single line to ground slg fault was chosen to be the fault type and impedance type distance. Figure 1 gps receivers are available as standalone devices, but can also be found in cars, tablets and watches. Basic principles of distance protection devices1 the operating voltage of the lines and equipment protected by distance relays is usually several thousand volts, and the current in the equipment during system faults and disturbances is thousands of amperes.
The gps relevant information is transferred in standard nmea0183 sentences from gps receiver to the laptop over bluetooth link. Mapmatching algorithms aim to match points generated by gps to a road network in order to determine a more accurate location of the gps signal receiver. Province of british columbia specifications and guidelines. Gps synchronized digital current differential protection for. The intent of this document is to not restrict contractors to specific equipment and procedures, but instead to. Application of gps for sag measurement of overhead 270. Presenter elmo price received his bsee from lamar state college of technology in beaumont, texas and his msee degree in power systems engineering from the university of pittsburgh. In normal condition, the line differential relay 87l is the main protection and the distance element 21 is an integrated back up protection.
Pdf recent techniques used in transmission line protection. Gandhi institute of industrial technology presented by sumit kumar padhy regdno1006027 logo btech seminar presentation traveling wave faul location theory traveling wave fault locators make use of the transien signals generated by the fault. Protection of transmission line using gps electric power. Protection of transmission lines using global positioning. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. This monograph also details suggestions for further work in the area of digital protection of transmission lines. The task of determining a set of positions in a road network by a collection of global positioning system gps points is named mapmatching. Transmission line protection using digital technology. Transmission line protections are much based on relays. Abstractaccurate positive and zerosequence line impedances are critical for the performance of distance relaying. Protection against errors, generally by means of generating and. You can order any of these books in print or as digital pdf downloads at our.
Another type is called a statistic line, which transfers. Online monitoring and analysis of faults in transmission and distribution lines using gsm technique prof. Main purpose of the transmission protection relay are to identify the fault of the location. A digital relay algorithm is developed to extract fundamental frequency components. Ioc in 1993 fully operational in april, 1995 selective availability sa turned off in 2000. The contents will be useful to academic as well as professional researchers working in transmission line protection. Applications of the concepts to accepted transmission lineprotection schemes are also presented. In this model, we predict the place of fault using the distance from pole to pole. Gps surveyingevolve d with different equipment and procedure configurations capable of performing satisfactory gps surveysthis makes it difficult. This paper describes a newly developed digital current differential protection for transmission lines. The gps signal is transmitted primarily by using phase modulation, which is rarely used for other communication systems.
Protection of transmission line using gps authorstream. Signal processing is one of the most important parts of the digital distance protection schemes. Thales navigations magellan line of consumer gps units also have the capability of outputting streams of standard nmea 0183 messages. Protection of transmission line using gps free download as powerpoint presentation. Ge multilin application advantages before considering using a ge multilin relay for a specific transmission line protection application, it is important to understand how the relay meets some more general application requirements for simplicity, security, and dependability. On line monitoring and analysis of faults in transmission and distribution lines using gsm technique prof.
For protection of transmission line with ann, it doesnt require any communication link to retrieve remote end data rather it takes data from local end only i. Introduction to gps zhang liu navigation engineer northrop grumman corporation april 28, 2011. Transmission lines operate at voltage levels from 69kv to 765kv, and are ideally tightly interconnected for reliable operation. The transmission of gps signals has some interesting characteristics that pertain to it and certain properties that it must follow for it all to work in the transmission part at least.
Mynam, marcos donolo, and armando guzman schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. In this research, protection of transmission lines using global positioning systems gps is presented. They have replaced the overcurrent protection because of the following reasons. Usa an application of block pulsefunctions for digital protection of transmission lines is presented. This webinar brought to you by the relion product family.
These are used to convey information regarding position, velocity, time, navigation data, gps satellite status, etc. L2 however requires special receivers that can handle the pps precision positioning code code. Gps receivers come in all different shapes and sizes, are widespread and are affordable. Over current protection of transmission line using gsm and. Application of gps for sag measurement of overhead power.
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